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Здраствуйте у вас есть курсовая работа на тему "Functional vocabulary" по лексикологии наанглийском языке.Буду очень рада если вы сможете найти.Мой е-mail inam88@mail.ru

ЦитироватьJespersen O. Growth and Structure of the English Language.
Basil Blackwell Oxford, 1943 – 244p

Огромное Спасибо!

Цитата: Ladybird_kzОгромное спасибо за отрывки! я их уже сохранила.. осмелюсь, однако, совсем обнаглеть:o, и попросить вас также оставить библиографию данной книги.. думаю, я смогу выгодно использовать эти отрывки в своей работе, но в таком случае придется указать источник в списке литературы...

Спасибо за помощь!

De rien.
исх данные:
Jespersen O. Growth and Structure of the English Language.
Basil Blackwell Oxford, 1943 – 244p.

Добавлено спустя 8 минут 59 секунд:

Цитата: RawonaM

Цитата: ginkgoRezia, а там есть примеры скандинавских заимствований?

Вот навскидку что помню из книги: they, them, skirt. Их вообще не очень много, от скандинавов в основном топонимы сохранились.

А это ты из какой книги помнишь?

Приведу знакомую мне цитату:

Цитата: English lexicology / Антрушина, Афанасьева, Морозова
From the end of the 8th c. to the middle of the 11th c. England underwent several Scandinavian invasions which inevitably left their trace on English vocabulary. Here are some examples of early Scandinavian borrowings: call, v., take, v., cast, v., die, v., law, п., husband, n. (< Sc. hus + bondi, i. e. "inhabitant of the house"), window n. (< Sc. vindauga, i. e. "the eye of the wind"), ill, adj., loose, adj., low, adj., weak, adj.
Some of the words of this group are easily recognisable as Scandinavian borrowings by the initial sk- combination. E. g. sky, skill, skin, ski, skirt.
Certain English words changed their meanings under the influence of Scandinavian words of the same root. So, the O. E. bread which meant "piece" acquired its modern meaning by association with the Scandinavian brand.
The О. Е. dream which meant "joy" assimilated the meaning of the Scandinavian draumr(cf. with the Germ. Traum "dream" and the R. дрёма).

По поводу топонимов могу сказать, что некоторые - кельтские:
the rivers:  Avon , Exe, Esk, Usk, Ux etc.

Спасибо! Но вот написано же, что без них ни процветать, ни умирать Значит, еще должно быть!
Не то чтобы мне это нужно для чего-нибудь. Просто стало интересно.

Цитата: ginkgoRezia, а там есть примеры скандинавских заимствований?

Вот навскидку что помню из книги: they, them, skirt. Их вообще не очень много, от скандинавов в основном топонимы сохранились.

Rezia, а там есть примеры скандинавских заимствований?

Огромное спасибо за отрывки! я их уже сохранила.. осмелюсь, однако, совсем обнаглеть:o, и попросить вас также оставить библиографию данной книги.. думаю, я смогу выгодно использовать эти отрывки в своей работе, но в таком случае придется указать источник в списке литературы...

Спасибо за помощь!

Цитата: Ladybird_kzСпасибо, за ссылки. обязательно проверю!
очень жаль, что этой "The growth and structure of the English language" книги нет в сети . попробуем обойтись тем, что есть!

Вот два отрывка из этой книги о французских и скандинавских заимствованиях. Читайте.

From "Growth and Structure of the English Language"
by Otto Jespersen.
Ch.iv The Scandinavians . (extract)
It is true the Scandinavians were, for a short time at least, the rulers of England, and we have found in the juridical loan-words linguistic corroboration of this fact; but the great majority of the settlers did not belong to the ruling class. Their social standing must have been, on the whole, slightly superior to the average of the English, but the difference cannot have been great, for the bulk of Scandinavian words are of a purely democratic character. This is clearly brought out by a comparison with the French words introduced in the following centuries, for here language confirms what history tells us, that the French represent the rich, the ruling, the refined, the aristocratic element in the English nation. How different is the impression made by the Scandinavian loan-words. They are homely expressions for things and actions of everyday importance; their character is utterly democratic. The difference is also shown by so many of the French words having never penetrated into the speech of the people, so that they have been known and used only by the 'upper ten', while the Scandinavian ones are used by high and low alike; their shortness too agrees with the monosyllabic character of the native stock of words, consequently they are far less felt as foreign elements than many French words; in fact, in many statistical calculations of the proportion of native to imported words in English, Scandinavian words have been more or less inadvertently included in the native elements. Just as it is impossible to speak or write in English about higher intellectual or emotional subjects or about fashionable mundane matters without drawing largely upon the French (and Latin) elements, in the same manner Scandinavian words will crop up together with the Anglo-Saxon ones in any conversation on the thousand nothings of daily life or on the five or six things of paramount importance to high and low alike. An Englishman cannot thrive or be ill or die without Scandinavian words; they are to the language what bread and eggs are to the daily fare.
corroboration - подтверждение
refined - утонченный
inadvertently - ненамеренно
mundane – светский, мирской
paramount - первостепенный
thrive - процветать



Ch. V. The French (extract).
Many of the French words, such as cry, claim, state, poor, change, and, one might say, nearly all the words taken over before 1350 and not a few of those of later importation, have become part and parcel of the English language, so that they appear to us all just as English as the pre-Conquest stock of native words. But a great many others have never become so popular. There are a great many gradations between words of everyday use and such as are not at all understood by the common people, and to the latter class may sometimes belong words which literary people would think familiar to everybody.
   From what precedes we are now in a position to understand some at least of the differences that have developed in course of time between two synonyms when both have survived, one of them native, the other French. The former is always nearer the nation's heart than the latter, it has the strongest associations with everything primitive, fundamental, popular, while the French word is often more formal, more polite, more refined and has a less strong hold on the emotional side of life. A cottage is finer than a hut, and fine people often live in a cottage, at any rate in summer.
   The difference between help and aid is thus indicated in the Funk-Wagnalls Dictionary: 'Help expresses greater dependence and deeper need than aid. In extremity we say "God help me!" rather than "God aid me!" In time of danger we cry "help! help!"  rather than "aid! aid!" To aid is to second another's own exertions. We can speak of helping the helpless, but not of aiding them. Help includes aid, but aid may fall short of the meaning of help.' all this amounts to the same thing as saying that help is the natural expression, belonging to the indispensable stock of words, and therefore possessing more copious and profounder associations than the more literary and accordingly colder word aid, cf. also assist. Folk has to a great extent been superseded by people, chiefly on account of the political and social employment of the word; Shakespeare rarely uses folk (four times) and folks (ten times), and the word is evidently a low-class word with him; it is rare in the Authorized Version, and Milton  never uses it; but in recent usage folk has been gaining ground, partly, perhaps, from antiquarian and dialectal causes. Hearty and cordial made their appearance in the language at the same time (the oldest quotations 1380 and 1386), but their force is not the same, for 'a hearty welcome' is warmer than 'a cordial welcome', and hearty has many applications that cordial has not (sincere: heartfelt; vigorous: a hearty slap on the back; abundant: a hearty meal), etc.
part and parcel – неотъемлемая часть, at any rate – во всяком случае, second – поддерживать, exertions – усилие, fall short of = fail to satisfy, indispensable – необходимый, copious – обильный, gain ground – иметь успех, продвигаться.

Спасибо, за ссылки. обязательно проверю!
очень жаль, что этой "The growth and structure of the English language" книги нет в сети . попробуем обойтись тем, что есть!

http://www.multikulti.ru/English/info/English_info_104.html

http://www.lingvoforum.net/viewtopic.php?t=984

http://www.lingvoforum.net/viewtopic.php?t=1281&postdays=0&postorder=asc&&start=0
о заимствованиях из арабского

Вообще, очень хороша книга
Jespersen "The growth and structure of the English language". Но ее нет в сети.

Добавлено спустя 1 минуту 2 секунды:

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