Decem/Taihun isogloss

[Wolliger Mensch]

Странно...

There are various modern historians and linguists believe that modern Albanian language might have descended from a southern Illyrian dialect whereas an alternative hypothesis holds that Albanian was descended from Thracian. Not enough is known of the ancient language to completely prove or disprove either hypothesis (see Origin of Albanians).

Нет, иллирийское происхождение невероятно: албанцы на побережье Адриатики — пришельцы. У них нет исконной рыболовной терминологии, а также историко-фонетические особенности показывают общее развитие с румынскими диалектами, а не с далматинскими.

[tetramur]

While Tocharian is generally regarded as a centum language, it is a special case, as it has merged all three of the PIE dorsal series (originally nine separate consonants) into a single phoneme, *k.

Ещё один неверный жест - и остались бы тохарские вовсе без велярных.

[Karakurt]

9 в 1?? За что?

[tetramur]

9 в 1?? За что?

А теперь представьте: вместо простого велярного остался палатализованный, который затем перешёл в /ч/. Нет велярных совсем, как вы и просили.

[!!!!]

«While still maintaining a small group of ardent followers (particularly in Leiden), the
  GT has lost much of its support today. There are many reasons for this. To begin with,
  since Jakobson's famous claim, scholars have documented languages with stop systems
  identical or nearly identical to the classical PIE system, such as Kelabit in northern
  Borneo (Blust 2006). Second, if ejectives had been phonemes in PIE, then it is quite
  surprising that no IE language has inherited them, as they tend to be quite stable dia-
  chronically. Third, there are certain loan words present in Armenian (arcat' 'silver' <
  Iran. *ardzata- ) and Germanic (*rīk- 'king' < Celt. *rīg- < *PIE h3rēg̑-) that demand
  consonant shifts from voiced to voiceless, which are not possible in the GT framework.
  Lastly, perhaps the strongest argument against the GT comes from Armenian, where in
  certain dialects initial-syllable vowels are fronted after inherited voiced aspirates by
  Adjarian's Law: Kar-evan ben 'speech' (< *bh
  an-), Karabagh telar (< *dh
  al-) but Kar-
  evan tun 'house' (< *dom-), Karabagh kov 'cow' (< *gwou̯-). As Garrett (1998) convin-
  cingly shows, fronting makes no sense if these segments had been simple voiced stops
  inherited from PIE voiced aspirates, but does if they were breathy-voiced, triggered by
  the spread of the feature [+ATR]. (Weitenberg [this handbook] takes Adjarian's Law to
  have been triggered by the lateral /l/ and voiced fricatives in addition to inherited voiced
  aspirates. If this is indeed the case, then Garrett's analysis loses its explanatory power.
  However, it is true that the most widely cited examples of Adjarian's Law all involve pre-
  ceding voiced stops and *j, which according to Garrett had become a voiced */ɦ/ before
  the time of the fronting.)
  But demonstrating the GT to be false does not entail that the classical reconstruction
  of the PIE stops is true for all periods of the proto-language, especially for early PIE.
  For how does one explain the rarity of */b/, the absence of */D(e)D/ sequences, or, more
  generally, the existence of such a typologically odd system in the classical reconstruc-
  tion? » Из работы лингвиста Берга 2015 года. Выходит доказательства зыбкие как у сторонников GT, так и у противников. Если арм. arcat' и герм. *rik действительно заимствования из иранского и кельтского, то это весомый аргумент против GT, но, насколько понятно при подробном ознакомлении с этимологией этих слов, их статус заимствования далеко не однозначен.

[i486]

it is a special case, as it has merged all three of the PIE dorsal series (originally nine separate consonants) into a single phoneme, *k

Лихо они. Это же сколько омонимов должно было появится?

[tetramur]

it is a special case, as it has merged all three of the PIE dorsal series (originally nine separate consonants) into a single phoneme, *k

Лихо они. Это же сколько омонимов должно было появится?

Омонимов в тохарских я не знаю.