Khoisan hunter-gatherers have been the largest population

[Nevik Xukxo]

Khoisan hunter-gatherers have been the largest population throughout most of modern-human demographic history

Hie Lim Kim,   
Aakrosh Ratan,   
George H. Perry,   
Alvaro Montenegro,   
Webb Miller   
& Stephan C. Schuster

Abstract

The Khoisan people from Southern Africa maintained ancient lifestyles as hunter-gatherers or pastoralists up to modern times, though little else is known about their early history. Here we infer early demographic histories of modern humans using whole-genome sequences of five Khoisan individuals and one Bantu speaker. Comparison with a 420 K SNP data set from worldwide individuals demonstrates that two of the Khoisan genomes from the Ju/'hoansi population contain exclusive Khoisan ancestry. Coalescent analysis shows that the Khoisan and their ancestors have been the largest populations since their split with the non-Khoisan population ~100–150 kyr ago. In contrast, the ancestors of the non-Khoisan groups, including Bantu-speakers and non-Africans, experienced population declines after the split and lost more than half of their genetic diversity. Paleoclimate records indicate that the precipitation in southern Africa increased ~80–100 kyr ago while west-central Africa became drier. We hypothesize that these climate differences might be related to the divergent-ancient histories among human populations.

http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2014/141204/ncomms6692/full/ncomms6692.html